LPIC 101-500
Linux Installation and Package Management
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1. A Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) disk will use which of the following identifiers?
A. /dev/hdX
B. /dev/sataX
C. /dev/sdX
D. /disk/sataX
ANSWER:C. SATA disks are addressed as /dev/sdx, just like a Small Computer System Interface (SCSI ) disk. /dev/hdx is a tradiţional ATA disk. The other options do not exist.
2. Which option given at boot time within the GRUB configuration will boot the system into single-user mode?
A. single-user
B. su
C. single
D. root
C. The keyword single, given on the Linux kernel command line, will boot the system into single-user mode. The other options are not valid.
3. During boot of a system with GRUB, which key can be pressed to display the GRUB menu?
A. Shift
B. E
C. V
D. H
A. The Shift key, if pressed when control has first been handed to GRUB, will cause the GRUB menu to be displayed.
4. When booting, which option can be added to a GRUB configuration line to set or change the root partition at boot time to /dev/sda2?
A. rootpartition={hd0,2}
B. root=/dev/sda2
C. root={hd0,3}
D. rootpartition=/dev/sda2
B. The root=/dev/sda2 option will cause the given kernel to load /dev/sda2 for its root partition. The rootpartition option is not valid, and the format of the root={hd0,3} is not valid in this context.
5. Which key combination will enable you to edit the kernel options and then boot when using GRUB Legacy?
A. ESC for editing and then Return to boot
B. v for editing and then Return to boot
C. e for editing and then b to boot
D. v for editing and then b to boot
C. You begin an editing session with an e when the boot option is highlighted. You can then make changes and, when done, press b to boot the system.
6. During the boot process for a virtual machine, what is the next step in the boot process after the kernel has taken over the initialization process and initializes devices?
A. The system BIOS initializes devices.
B. The system is placed in multi-user mode.
C. The boot loader initializes the kernel.
D. The root partition is mounted.
D. The root partition is mounted after device initialization. System services, including multi-user mode, start after the root partition is mounted. The other two options, A and C, take place prior to the kernel-initializing device drivers. This process is essentially the same for virtual machines as it is for physical machines.
7. Where in the filesystem will the EFI system partition (ESP) typically be mounted?
A. /etc/efi
B. /efi
C. /sys/efi
D. /boot/efi
D. The ESP is typically mounted at /boot/efi.
8. When partitioning a disk for a mail server running postfix, which partition/mounted directory should be the largest in order to allow for mail storage?
A. /etc
B. /usr/bin
C. /mail
D. /var
D. The partition containing /var should be the largest for a mail server because mail spools are stored within this hierarchy. The /etc/ hierarchy is usually small, as is /usr/bin. The /mail directory does not exist by default.
9. Which option within GRUB Legacy is used to indicate that a root partition contains a non-Linux kernel?
A. initrd
B. non-linux
C. rootnoverify
D. root-win
C. The rootnoverify option is used to specify a non-Linux kernel, one that GRUB should not attempt to load. The initrd option is used for specifying the initial RAM disk, making option A incorrect. The remaining options, B and D, are not valid options for GRUB.
10. Which command will output a new GRUB2 configuration file and send the output to the correct location for booting?
A. update-grub > /boot/grub/grub.cfg
B. update-grub boot > /boot/grub.cfg
C. grub-rc.d
D. grub-boot
A. The update-grub command sends its output to STDOUT. Therefore, you must redirect using > and send that output to the correct file. The other options are not valid for this purpose. Options C and D are not valid commands, and option B contains invalid options as well as an invalid location for the destination file.
11. What is the maximum number of primary partitions available on an MBR partitioning system?
A. 2
B. 4
C. 1
D. 5
B. MBR-based disks can be partitioned with up to four primary partitions, one of which can be further partitioned or extended into logical partitions.
12. Which command is used to update the links and cache for shared libraries on the system?
A. ldcache
B. cache-update
C. link-update
D. ldconfig
D. The ldconfig command updates the current shared library cache and list. ldconfig reads /etc/ld.so.conf and incorporates any changes found within it. The other commands listed as options for this question do not exist.
13. Which command and option is used to update a Debian system to the latest software?
A. apt-update
B. apt-get upgrade
C. dpkg -U
D. apt-cache clean
B. The upgrade option for apt-get will upgrade the system to the latest version of software for packages already installed. The apt - update command does not exist, nor does the -u option to dpkg. The apt-cache command is used to work with the package cache.
14. Which option given to a yum command will install a given package?
A. update
B. configure
C. install
D. get
C. The yum install command will install a given package. The update option will update a package. The other options listed do not exist.
15. What is the location of the home directory for the root user?
A. /home/root
B. /home/su
C. /root
D. /
C. Root’s home directory is /root on a Linux system. While the /home directory does exist, there is no root or su user within that hierarchy by default. The / directory is the root of the filesystem but not the root’s home directory.
16. When using rpm2cpio, by default the output is sent to which location?
A. STDOUT
B. The cpio.out file
C. The a. out file
D. The /tmp/cpi.out file
A. rpm2cpio sends its output to STDOUT by default, and therefore that output needs to be redirected to a file in most cases.
17. Which partition or directory structure typically holds most of the programs for a Linux system?
A. /etc
B. /usr
C. /home
D. /var
B. The /usr hierarchy contains many of the programs that run on a Linux system. Other notable directories for programs are /bin and /sbin.
18. Your GRUB Legacy configuration includes a dual-boot option with Linux listed first and another operating system listed second. Which of the following options will boot to the Linux partition by default?
A. default=linux
B. default=0
C. default=1
D. default=other
B. GRUB begins its count at 0 and in this scenario there are two operating systems. Therefore, because Linux is first in the configuration file its number would be 0, which is then sent to the default= option.
19. Which file should you edit when using GRUB2 in order to set things like the timeout?
A. /etc/default/grub
B. /etc/grub/boot
C. /etc/boot/grub.d
D. /grub.d/boot
A. The /etc/default/grub file can be used for this purpose. You may also edit /boot/grub/grub. cfg, but this was not an option given for this question.
20. Which yum option displays the dependencies for the package specified?
A. list
B. deplist
C. dependencies
D. listdeps
B. The deplist option displays the dependencies for the given package. The list option displays information about a specific package while the other two options are not valid.
21. Which options for an rpm command will display verbose output for an installation along with progress of the installation?
A. -ivh
B. -wvh
C. -avh
D. -ins-verbose
A. The -ivh options will install a file using rpm, displaying both verbose output and hash marks for progress. The other options presented do not exist or do not accomplish the specified task.
22. Which of the following commands adds /usr/local/lib to the LD_LIBRARY_PATH when using BASH shell?
A. set PATH=/usr/local/lib
B. export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:/usr/local/lib
C. LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib
D. connectpath LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/lib
B. The export command is used to set environment variables in BASH. The other commands are not valid for this purpose.
23. Which command can be used to download an RPM package without installing it?
A. yumdl
B. yumdownloadonly
C. yumdown
D. yumdownloader
D. The yumdownloader utility will download an RPM package but not install it. The yumdownloader utility is part of the yum-utils package. The other options listed for this question do not exist.
24. Which command will search for a package named zsh on a Debian system?
A. apt-cache search zsh
B. apt-get search zsh
C. apt-cache locate zsh
D. apt search zsh
A. The apt - cache command is used to work with the package cache and the search option is used to search the cache for the supplied argument, in this case zsh. The apt-get command is used to work with packages themselves, and the apt search command does not exist.
25. Which option within /etc/default/grub is used to configure the default operating system for boot?
A. GRUB_OS
B. GRUB_ON
C. GRUB_DEFAULT
D. DEFAULT_OS
C. The GRUB_DEFAULT option, when in the /etc/default/grub file, is used to configure the operating system that will boot by default. The other options do not exist in this context.
26. When found in a GRUB configuration file, what does the ro option indicate?
A. Initially mount the root partition as read-only.
B. Mount the kernel as read-only.
C. Start the init program as read-once.
D. Mount the root partition in Raised Object mode.
A. The ro option, which is the default for GRUB, will initially mount the root partition as read-only and then remount as read- write.
27. Within which directory will you find the repositories used by yum?
A. /etc/yum.conf
B. /etc/repos
C. /etc/yum.conf.d
D. /etc/yum.repos.d
D. Configuration files related to the repositories for yum are located in /etc/yum.repos.d. Of the other options, /etc/yum.conf is a file and not a directory, and the other directories do not exist.
28. Which rpm option can be used to verify that no files have been altered since installation.
A. -V
B. -v
C. -verbose
D. -filesum
A. The -V or -verify option will check the files in a given package against versions (or checksums) in the package database. If no files have been altered, then no output is produced. Note that output may be produced for files that are changed during installation or for other reasons. Note also the use of an uppercase V for this option as opposed to the lowercase v for verbose.
29. Which option for the grub-mkconfig command sends output to a file instead of STDOUT?
A. -stdout
B. -fileout
C. -o
D. -f
C. The - o option can be used to specify a destination file to which output will be sent instead of STDOUT. The other options listed in this question do not exist.
30. The presence of menu. ist within the filesystem typically indicates which condition?
A. GRUB Legacy is in use on the system.
B. GRUB2 is in use on the system.
C. An error has occurred creating the output to menu.lst.
D. The options for rescue boot have been changed.
A. The menu. ist and grub. conf files are used in GRUB Legacy, that is, prior to GRUB 2. This therefore makes option B incorrect.
31. Which command is used to determine the libraries on which a given command depends?
A. ldconfig
B. librarylist
C. listdeps
D. ldd
D. The ldd command will list the libraries on which the command’s argument depends.
32. Which of the following is true of Linux swap space?
A. Swap is used to hold temporary database tables.
B. Swap is used as additional memory when there is insufficient RAM.
C. Swap is used by the mail server for security.
D. Swap is used to scrub data from the network temporarily.
B. Swap space is used when there is insufficient RAM memory on a system.
33. Which of the following is not typically used to store libraries?
A. /lib
B. /etc/lib
C. /usr/lib
D. /usr/local/lib
B. The /etc/lib directory is not typically associated with library files and does not usually exist on a Linux system unless manually created. The other options either contain system libraries or can be used for that purpose.
34. Which of the following commands updates the package cache for a Debian system?
A. apt-get cache-update
B. apt-cache update
C. apt-get update
D. apt-get upgrade
C. The apt-get update command will cause the package cache to be updated by retrieving the latest package list from the package sources. There is no cache-update or update option to apt-cache. The upgrade option is used to update the system’s packages and not the cache.
35. Within which file are details of the current package repositories stored on a Debian system?
A. /etc/apt.list
B. /etc/sources.list
C. /etc/apt/sources.list
D. /etc/apt.d/sources.list
C. The sources. list file located in /etc/apt contains the list of repositories for Debian packages. The other file locations do not exist by default.
36. Of the following choices, which size would be most appropriate for the /boot partition of a Linux system?
A. Between 100MB and 500MB
B. Between iGB and ioGB
C. /boot should not be partitioned separately.
D. Less than 5MB
A. The /boot partition will typically be much less than 500MB but should not be undersized. The used space within /boot will increase as more kernels are added, such as during an upgrade process. Therefore, even though the recommended size is up to 500MB, experience proves that a larger partition is helpful, possibly 1GB to 2GB.
37. Which of the following commands initializes a physical disk partition for use with Logical Volume Manager (LVM)?
A. Ivmcreate
B. pvcreate
C. fvcreate
D. Ivinit
B. The pvcreate command initializes a physical partition for future use as a logical volume with LVM.
38. Which of the following commands installs GRUB into the MBR of the second SATA disk?
A. grub-install /dev/hdb2
B. grub-install /dev/sda2
C. grub-config /dev/sda
D. grub-install /dev/sdb
D. The grub-install command is used to install GRUB onto a disk and the second SATA disk would be /dev/sdb, making option D correct.
39. Which command should be used to make changes to the choices made when a Debian package was installed?
A. dpkg-reconfigure
B. dpkg -r
C. dpkg -reconf
D. apt-get reinstall
A. The dpkg-reconfigure program will cause an already installed package to be reconfigured or changed. The - r option for dpkg removes a package, making option B incorrect. There is no reconf option for dpkg or reinstall option for apt-get.
40. Which command is used to create a logical volume with LVM?
A. pvcreate
B. lvmcreate
C. lvcreate
D. volcreate
C. The lvcreate command is used to create logical volumes with LVM. The pvcreate command initializes physical volumes prior to creating logical volumes. The commands in the other two options for this question do not exist.
41. What is the logical order for creation of an LVM logical volume?
A. Physical volume creation, volume group creation, logical volume creation
B. Physical volume creation, logical volume creation, volume group creation
C. Logical volume creation, physical volume creation, volume group creation
D. LVM creation, format, partition
A. Physical volumes are initialized first, followed by volume group creation, and then logical volume creation.
42. Which of the Debian package management tools provides a terminal-based interface for management?
A. apt-get
B. dpkg
C. apt-cache
D. aptitude
D. aptitude provides the terminal-based interface rather than the standard command-line interface of the other tools listed in this question.
43. Which option for yum performs a search of the package cache?
A. seek
B. query
C. -search
D. search
D. The search option performs a search of various fields such as the package name and description.
44. Which command option for rpm can be used to show the version of the kernel?
A. rpm kernel
B. rpm -qa kernel
C. rpm search kernel
D. rpm -list kern
B. The rpm -qa kernel command will show the kernel version. You can also use uname - r for the same purpose.
45. Assuming a menu entry of Debian in your GRUB configuration, which option in /etc/default/grub would set that as the default operating system to boot?
A. GRUB_OS
B. GRUB_OS_DEF
C. GRUB_DEFAULT
D. GRUB_CONF
C. The GRUB_DEFAULT option in /etc/defauit/grub will set the operating system to boot by default.
46. Which option in /etc/yum. conf is used to ensure that the kernel is not updated when the system is updated?
A. exclude=kernel*
B. exclude-kernel
C. updatekernel=false
D. include-except=kernel
A. The exclude option can be used to exclude certain packages. The argument accepts wildcards, and therefore excluding all kernel* updates will create the desired behavior.
47. Which command should be run after making a change to the /etc/default/grub file?
A. grub
B. grub-mkconfig
C. grub-inst
D. reboot
B. The grub-mkconfig command should be run after making a change to the /etc/defauit/grub file so that a new configuration file can be created with the changed option(s).
48. Which command searches for and provides information on a given package on a Debian system, including whether or not the package is currently installed?
A. dpkg -i
B. dpkg -s
C. apt-cache
D. apt-info
B. The - s option to dpkg searches for the given package and provides information about its current status on the system. The apt-cache command is not used for this purpose, and the -i option for dpkg installs a package. The apt-info command does not exist.
49. Which command is used to search for physical volumes for use with LVM?
A. lvmcreate
B. pvcreate
C. lvmdiskscan
D. lvmscan
C. The lvmdiskscan command looks for physical volumes that have been initialized for use with LVM.
50. Which option added to yumdownloader will also download dependencies?
A. -deps
B. -resolve
C. -resdeps
D. -d
B. The -resolve option will download the dependencies of the package being downloaded. The other options shown within this question are not valid for the yumdownloader command.
51. Which of the following installs a previously downloaded Debian package?
A. dpkg -i <package name>
B. apt-install <package name>
C. apt-slash <package name>
D. dpkg -U <package name>
A. The -i option to dpkg will install a previously downloaded package. The other commands don’t exist, and the - u option for dpkg does not exist.
52. A hard drive is reported as hd(0,0) by the GRUB Legacy configuration file. To which of the following disks and partitions does this correspond?
A. /dev/hdb2
B. /dev/hda0
C. /dev/disk1
D. /dev/sda1
D. GRUB Legacy begins counting at 0 and separates disk letter and partition with a comma, making 0,0 the first partition on the first disk. Options A and C are not the first disk on the system, and option B contains a nonexistent partition.
53. Which filesystem format type is used for the EFI System Partition (ESP)?
A. FAT
B. EXT4
C. NTFS
D. EXT3
A. ESP uses the legacy FAT filesystem type for its underlying format. There is a specification for how the ESP partition must be created on top of the FAT format for boot loaders and kernel images. Note that the partition is typically FAT32 but can be FAT16 if only Linux systems will reside on the drive.
54. Which of the following commands installs extlinux into the /boot partition?
A. extlinux -install /boot
B. extlinux -inst /boot
C. extlinux -boot
D. extlinux /boot install
A. The -install option is used followed by the partition to which extiinux will be installed for boot.
55. Which of the following commands mounts /dev/sdai in the /boot partition?
A. mount /dev/sda /boot
B. mount /boot /dev/sda1
C. mount /dev/sda1 /boot
D. mount -dev sda1 /boot
C. The format for the mount command is [partition] [target], making option C correct. The other options are not valid because the arguments are in the wrong order.
56. Which of the following can be identified as an initial sector on a disk that stores information about the disk partitioning and operating system location?
A. Minimal boot record (MBR)
B. Master boot record (MBR)
C. Init sector
D. Master partition table (MPT)
B. The master boot record (MBR) is the first sector on a disk and contains information about the structure of the disk. If the MBR becomes corrupt, all data on the disk may be lost. The other options shown for this question are not valid.
57. Which option to grub-install will place the GRUB images into an alternate directory?
A. -boot-dir
B. -b
C. -boot
D. -boot-directory
D. The -boot-directory option enables you to specify an alternative location for GRUB images rather than the default /boot. The other options shown for this question are not valid.
58. Within which file is a list of the currently mounted filesystems stored?
A. /etc/fstab
B. /etc/curmount
C. /var/spool/files
D. /etc/mtab
D. The /etc/mtab file lists the currently mounted filesystems. The /etc/fstab file lists overall filesystems for the computer but does not distinguish between mounted or unmounted filesystems. The other options listed for this question do not exist.
59. Which command is used to activate swap space on a system?
A. mkswap
B. swapon
C. swapact
D. actswap
B. The swapon command enables swap space, making it available for use as virtual memory. The mkswap command formats the space. The other two commands are not valid.
60. Which of the following commands displays information about a given physical volume in an LVM setup?
A. pvdisp
B. pvlist
C. pvdisplay
D. pvl
C. The pvdisplay command shows information about a given physical volume. You can use pvdisplay to view the device on which the PV is built along with the extent size of the PV. The other commands shown are not valid.
61. Which of the following commands creates a logical volume with LVM?
A. lvc
B. lvcreate
C. lvlist
D. lvmake
B. The lvcreate command is used to create a logical volume from previously created physical devices and volume groups. Using lvcreate is the final of three steps in the process for using LVM prior to actually using the logical volume.
62. Which of the following commands looks for LVM physical volumes and volume groups involved in an LVM configuration?
A. vgscan
B. Ivmscan
C. lvlist
D. pvlist
A. The vgscan command looks for both physical volumes and volume groups related to an LVM configuration. The vgscan command is run at system startup but can also be run manually. The other commands are not valid.
63. Which of the following commands is used to display a list of physical volumes involved in LVM?
A. pvdisp
B. pvlist
C. pvscan
D. pvmm
C. The pvscan command displays a list of physical volumes on a given server. The PVs displayed are those that have been initialized with pvcreate for use with LVM.
64. Which option to ivchange sets whether the logical volume is available?
A. -a
B. -b
C. -c
D. -d
A. The -a or -activate option sets whether or not the logical volume can be used. There is no -b or -c option, and the - d option is used for debugging.
65. When working with a script to create directories, the script is checking to see if srv/vhosts exists. When doing an is of the root directory, /, you see that it does exist. However, the script does not. What might be the issue?
A. The script is not executable.
B. The script does not have the setuid bit set.
C. The script is using a relative path.
D. The script is owned by root.
C. The script is using a relative path to look for srv/vhosts rather than /srv/vhosts with an absolute path back to the root directory of the system.
66. You are architecting an application and need to choose between application containerization and virtualization. Which of the following describes a difference between application containers and a virtual machine?
A. An application container can contain only one application whereas a virtual machine can contain many.
B. An application container shares the host kernel whereas a virtual machine can have its own kernel.
C. An application container is used for small applications whereas a virtual machine is used for large applications.
D. The use of application containers is for testing only whereas a virtual machine is used for production.
B. Application containers share kernel and other resources with the underlying OS and use a container daemon to communicate between the host OS and the application container. Virtual machines have their own kernel and are self-contained machines running on top of a host OS or host kernel. Linux containers also provide a containerized virtual machine-like experience but are distinct from application containers.
67. In addition to including /lib and /usr/lib, where does ldconfig look to find additional directories to incorporate into the library path?
A. /etc/lib.conf
B. /etc/ldconf
C. /etc/lib.cfg
D. /etc/ld.so.conf
D. The /etc/ld.so.conf directory is used in addition to /lib and /usr/lib to configure library locations. The other paths and files shown do not exist.
68. You are working with a cloud instance virtual machine deployed with an Infrastructure-as-a-Service (laaS) provider. The virtual machine is running slowly. Which type of resource might you add to the cloud instance in order to improve performance?
A. Compute
B. Block storage
C. Networking
D. Disk
A. Among these options, compute resources, such as adding more CPUs, would be the most likely option. Adding RAM might also be warranted, but that was not one of the available options for this question. There is no indication in the question that the network is slow, and there is no indication that adding disk space or block storage (which are essentially the same thing in this context) will help.
69. When working with a system to determine if it is using GRUB or GRUB2, the presence of which file indicates that it is GRUB2?
A. grub.cfg
B. grub.conf
C. menu.lst
D. grub2.conf
A. GRUB 2 uses grub. cfg whereas GRUB uses menu. ist and grub.conf, making option A the correct choice.
70. You are working to create a system image or template from which other virtual machines will be deployed. Which of the following represents a unique item that will change with each deployed virtual host or image?
A. System directories
B. MACaddress
C. Guest drivers
D. Pilot homing
B. The MAC address will be unique for each virtual machine deployed using the image. Guest drivers would usually not be unique to an individual virtual machine but might be unique on a per-template or per-image basis. System directories are not unique per virtual machine, and there is no such thing as pilot homing in this context.
71. Which program can be used to deploy an Ubuntu image to a remote cloud provider?
A. dep-image
B. cloud-init
C. init-cloud
D. image-dep
B. The cloud-init program is available on Ubuntu and other distributions and can be used to deploy images to popular cloud providers.
72. Which file is used as the primary configuration file for the yum package manager?
A. /etc/yum.cfg
B. /etc/yum.d
C. /etc/yum.conf
D. /etc/yum.config
C. The yum package manager configuration file is /etc/yum.conf. The other files listed do not exist
73. Which of the following commands and options lists all of the files included with a package on a Debian system?
A. apt -L
B. dpkg -L
C. dpkg -f
D. apt-get show
B. The - L option to dpkg lists the files included with a given package. The -f option to dpkg shows a field from a package entry, and the other options do not exist.
74. When working with SSH (Secure Shell) keys for a virtual machine cloud deployment, which key is deployed to the virtual machine so that you can connect from the host?
A. The public key
B. The signature file
C. The private key
D. Both the public and private keys
A. The public key is deployed to the authorized_keys file on each image, and the private key is used from the host to connect to each virtual machine. There is no reason to deploy the private key to the virtual machine in order to make a connection to it.
75. When using a GPT disk, which partition needs to be created for a Linux system to boot?
A. /boot/efi
B. /boot/gpt
C. /gpt
D. /vmgpt
A. The /boot/efi partition needs to exist for the EFI partition and is typically sized 100MB to 250MB, though that size can vary.
76. Which option to zypper installs a package?
A. install
B. retr
C. get
D. ref
A. The install option, or simply in, will install a package on a system that uses zypper for package management. Among the other options listed, the ref option refreshes the repository. The other options are not valid with zypper.
77. You are working with a Fedora 22 system and need to install a package. Which of the following is the default package manager on this system?
A. yum
B. apt
C. dpkg
D. dnf
D. A system running Fedora 22 will use the dnf package manager by default. The yum package manager is used on CentOS and Red Hat, and apt and dpkg are used on Debian.
78. You need to list the files available on a package on CentOS. Which of the following commands accomplishes this task?
A. repoquery -l
B. pkgquery -l
C. dpkg -L
D. pkglist
A. The repoquery command with the -l option is used for this purpose. The dpkg -L command is appropriate for this purpose on Debian systems. The other commands do not exist.
79. You need to create a backup of user home directories including root. Which directory or directories need to be included in the backup?
A. /home
B. /home and /home/root
C. /home and /root
D. /home and /root/home
C. Home directories for normal users are in /home and the home directory for root is at /root, making option C correct.
80. In which file can you find the unique D-Bus machine ID for a given system?
A. /etc/machine-id
B. /etc/machineID
C. /etc/mch.conf
D. /etc/machine.id.conf
A. The /etc/machine-id file contains the unique identifier for a given machine.
81. Which option to ldconfig can be used to process only those directories given on the command line rather than the directories found in /etc/ld.so.conf ?
A. -n
B. -i
C. -v
D. -r
A. The -n option tells ldconfig to process only the directories given on the command line. The -i option ignores the auxiliary cache file. The -v option is verbose, and - r changes the root directory from which to begin processing.
82. When working with package caches on Debian, you need to determine if the package list is being updated. Which option to apt-cache shows the number of available packages on the system?
A. packagenum
B. status
C. stats
D. liststatus
C. The stats option shows total package names along with other information about the package cache. The other options are not valid for use with apt-cache.
83. Which option to grub-install specifies the directory in which the EFI partition is located?
A. -boot-dir
B. -efi
C. -efi-boot
D. -efi-directory
D. The -efi-directory option is used to specify the location of the EFI partition, typically /boot/efi.
84. Within which file are mount points for the system stored?
A. /etc/fstab
B. /etc/mtab
C. /etc/partitions.list
D. /etc/disk.conf
A. The /etc/fstab file contains a list of partitions for the system. The /etc/mtab file contains currently mounted partitions. The other files do not exist.
85. Which of the following option sets for rpm lists the files within the package?
A. If
B. qlp
C. qf
D. eps
B. The options qip list the files in an rpm package. The other options are not valid for the purpose described in the question.
86. When working with a CentOS system, you need to determine the release of a certain package. Which command and option will accomplish this task?
A. dpkg -i
B. yum info
C. yum search
D. apt search
B. Among the commands and options shown, the info option to yum is used for this purpose. The dpkg and apt package managers are used on Debian systems and thus would not be appropriate for a CentOS system.
87. You are using a host machine and are unsure if it supports the extensions to enable virtualization. Which of the following should you look for in /proc/cpuinfo to indicate that the system is ready for virtualization?
A. vmx
B. virt
C. envirt
D. vtcapable
A. The presence of the string vmx in the flags section indicates that an Intel processor is capable of virtualization. This extension is called svm on an AMD architecture.
88. Within which file can you configure a filter for devices when using vgscan?
A. lvm.conf
B. vg.conf
C. vgscan.conf
D. lv.cfg
A. The lvm.conf file is a primary configuration file for LVM. Within ivm. conf, typically found in /etc/ or /etc/lvm/, you can set things like filters for devices to include or exclude from the vgscan process. The other files shown are not valid.
89. Which of the following swapon options displays information on the size of swap space along with its used space?
A. -list
B. -a
C. -show
D. -h
C. The -show option displays information about the swap spaces on the computer, including how much swap is currently being used. The -a option activates all swap spaces. There is no -list option, and -h displays help.